Foundation of Structure from Civil Engineering

Foundation of Structure from Civil Engineering

Want to know what is foundation engineering?Here we have discussed every detail about foundation that every civil engineer should know.

Foundation is the basic requirement for any structure.foundation need to be strong enough to take the load of entire structure.read basic about foundation in civil engineering.

whenever we construct a building or any type of construction it all starts with foundation . many types of foundation is available in foundation engineering.but choosing the right one is the main thing.

Before considering right type of foundation we must need to take some factors that affects selection:

the factors that may influence the type of foundation selected to support a tall building include the following-

1. location of structure,
2. type of structure,
3. magnitude and distribution of loading,
4. ground condition,
5. access for construction equipment,
6.  durability requirements,
7. relative cost etc...

Different type of FOUNDATION:

1. deep 
2. shallow

DEEP FOUNDATION: It is a type of foundation in which the depth of the foundation is very large comparison to its width. It carries the load of structure and transfer to the earth further down from the surface than a shallow foundation.
again there are many type of foundation are present under deep foundation.

1.  piled foundation
2. shaft foundation,
3. buoyancy raft(hollow box foundations) 
4. cylinder.

SHALLOW FOUNDATION: In case of shallow foundation depth of foundation is less than the width of foundation.
 similarly shallow foundation have some division:

1. raft foundation,
2. strip footing,
3. spread or isolated footing,
4. combined footing.

  MOST ASKED Q&A ABOUT FOUNDATION-

1. DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF PILED-RAFT FOUNDATION.

-The main advantage of adopting piled-raft oundations are the following:

1. piles need not be designed to carry all the load,there is the potential for substantial savings in the cost of the foundation.
2. piles may be located strategically beneath the raft so that differential settlements can be controlled.
3. profiles with very soft clays at or near the surface of the raft,where the raft can contribute only a relatively small proportion of the required ultimate load capacity.
4. profiles which may be subjected to long term consolidation settlement ,in this case soil may loose contact with the raft and transfer all the load to the piles.

2. WHAT IS CAISSON ? HOW MANY TYPES OF CAISSON ARE THERE?

Caisson is a box like structure,round or rectangular,which is scale from the surface of either land or water to some desired depth.

The caissons are three types-

1. box caisson,
2. open caisson,
3. pneumatic caisson.

3. WHAT IS THE DIFF. B/W PILE AND PIER FOUNDATION?

1. a/c to depth:Pile foundations are established at great depths, whereas Pier foundations are generally shallower in depth.
2. a/c to  method of construction: Pile foundation is a type of deep foundation, in which the loads are taken to a low level by means of vertical timber, concrete or steel, whereas, Pier foundation is a type of deep foundation, which consists of a cylindrical column of large diameter to support and transfer large superimposed loads to firm strata below.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE B/W FOOTING AND FOUNDATIONS:

Foundation is a part of structure which transfers load from super structure to footing and footing is the structure which is in contact with ground. In simple words, foundation means legs and footing means the foot of the leg.

WHY COMBINED FOOTINGS ARE USED?

combined footing are used when the two column are so close to each other that their individual footings would overlap. ... The combined footing is provided to support two or more column and when the end column is near the property line

WHY ISOLATED FOOTINGS ARE PROVIDED?

It depends upon the soil stability and depth of bed rock from the ground level if the soil on which your constructing is relatively stable say if you bed soil consist of red soil or muram soil whose settlement on application of load is less or if then depth of bedrock is less,then isolated footings is necessary because going for raft or deep foundation will cost you more.

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